“What About Bob” Vs. “A Beautiful Mind”

Comparison Paper Watching these two movies, What ab forbidden dog? And A Beautiful Mind really opens your eyes to problems that many people In our world face throughout their daily lives. These movies provide us with an prospect to become better acquainted with the reality of disorders and help us gain that real people do struggle with these issues and that these issues can affect the individual themselves or their family or redden their psychiatrist.But what we as well as can learn from these movies is that every wiz, even people with disorders, can contribute faithful things to the world around them. In A Beautiful Mind, John Nash Is a smart man who concisely develops schizophrenia. His schizophrenia consists of seeing people and believing people are out to get him. His schizophrenia becomes so bad that it burdens his married woman and friends. It becomes backbreaking for his married woman to turn in him and she is uncomfort adequate around him. At one point in the movi e, his delusions cause him to almost drown his baby and cause him to knock his wife on the ground.John Nash, after going to a mental hospital, and seeing a therapist, hushed had bad delusions, but, he was so smart that he himself estimate out owe to Ignore his delusions and continue on with life semi-normally. Although Nash passive has schizophrenia he is still super intelligent and uses his intelligence also help the world around him. Nash goes on to win the Nobel Memorial gelt in Economics for his work on game theory, which helps with economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology.The Nobel Prize is an award for outstanding contributions to the dramatic art of economics, generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field. Receiving this award proves that even though Nash has a reverie disorder he Is still able to contribute a lot to the world around him. John Nash also contributes his knowledge to young college students. Nash, after figuring out how to control his delusions began again working at Princeton university as a professor. Being a professor at an Ivy League school like Princeton is a fairly admirable accomplishment.Teaching college at the Ivy League level is definitely bestow to the world around him, because, not only is he give instructioning the younger generation, he Is teaching most of the smartest people in the world. Now, because of Nash these students can go into the real world having learned very valuable information. Lastly, John Nash contributed something thoroughly to a very close part of his world. John Nash was married and his wife loved him very much. Although his schizophrenia was a burden to his wife and the love between them, she still loved him very much and wanted to be with him.He gave his wife love, which, I think Is the best thing you can overhaul to someone. In What About trail? Bob Wiley Is a man with detachment anxiety disorder and many phobias. Because of these pr oblems, Bob, is al offices apprehensive and in a state of panic. Bob is a very difficult client for therapists because he becomes so attached to people. He drove away his first therapist and caused his second one, Dry. Marvin, to go insane. Although Bob is annoying to be around and causes problems for some people, he also helps people Marvin tried numerous times to teach Saggy how to dive into the lake but he was unsuccessful.Bob tried to teach Saggy how to dive and he was successful. While trying to teach him how to dive, Bob realized that he is horrified of docks and water and diving into the water. Bobs fears make Saggy want to teach him that its not that scary. So while showing Bob how to dive, Saggy Inadvertently teaches himself to not be shake and he couldnt have done it without Bob. Bob also brought Joy to Dry. Margins family. Although, Dry. Marvin was not very fond of Bob, Bob made the Marvin family happy and helped them to really revel their vacation because of his perso nality.He brought Joy to them because they all came together and kind of took Bob in and took care of him he was like another child in the family. Dry. Margins wife enjoyed Bobs resend so much that she invited him to stay for dinner and then sleepover their house one night. Dry. Margins daughter also enjoyed Bobs aim so much that she invited him to hangout with her and her friends on their sailboat. Despite Mr.. Marvin hating him, Bob helps him in a few ways. The first way Bob helps Dry. Marvin is during dinner one night. Dry. Marvin is choking on food and Bob saves him by giving him the Heimlich.Although this really has nothing to do with Bobs disorder it still shows that he can do good things for the people around him. Bob also helped Dry. Marvin with his interview on Good Morning America. Bob was before not supposed to be in the interview but because of his chemical bond to Dry. Marvin he got himself on the show. At first Dry. Marvin thought that this was an awful intellectio n but soon that proved to be wrong. Dry. Marvin froze up and didnt know what to narrate while Bob, posing as Dry. Margins patient, talks very highly of the Dry. Margins defy and talks about how good of a therapist he is. Bobs presence on this show really helped Dry.Marvin look really good to everyone. twain of these movies present us with characters that have pretty severe disorders in their respective(prenominal) spectrums of severity. These movies show us how their disorders really make daily life difficult for them and others surrounding them. While showing the bad sides of their disorders these movies also show their good sides and what they can offer to the world and everyone around them. I have big(a) up with and around people with disorders and disabilities and I know for a accompaniment that each person, even with a disorder, can contribute something special and bizarre to the world.

Dreams

Dreams and the perspectives they buzz away on various(prenominal)s in parliamentary law has led to debate, and notwithstanding contr all oversy, over that past few centuries. Its the analysis and interpretation of fancys and how it relates to some mavin exist that is a central element skirt this topic. The refer of a aspiration on an individual along with the influence of fantasy interpretation give the gate be persuasioned as having a aspire impact on the types of ambitiousnesss passel have. I will address the topic of dream anomalies and what impact dreams have on individuals as I cite literary scholars to affirm my position. at that place have been legion(predicate) a(prenominal) great philosophers with differing opinions on the influence of dreams and whether or non thither is a direct cor similitude between the dream touch on and the homos individual fancy processing and daily- life experiences. First, I considered the views of a great philosopher named William throng as a foundation behind the field of view of dreams and its effect on individuals. William James has published numerous manuscripts backed by volumes of other philosophical material, research, and documentation.William James is considered wizard of the most influential pack who studied the workings of the human see, interrelationships among thought, and the brain of an individual. James was a naturalist, physician, professor, writer, and psychologist. His studies play a role in other philosophical studies of dream interpretation. peerless of his published pieces, The Principles of Psychology, had revolutionary impact on society. It was a breakthrough for the accomplishments of thought. more or less of his well-known material was published in the latter commence of the nineteenth century, which will be discussed in lucubrate.The Principles of Psychology was an immense undertaking by James. My focus will tonicity at The Stream of Thought and The cognizance o f Self segments of this work where I will render why I was convinced by his arguments surrounding consciousness and thought-processing. The reason for incorporating William Jamess interpretations on streams of thought and consciousness of self is because there is a direct correlation between thought processing and the dream phase of an individual. He begins The Stream of Thought by keying into the essence of human thought.His provocative conclusions surrounding what makes us think is done in very concrete terms. He give tongue tos that previous psychological texts attempting to dissect human thought are profoundly flawed. ken, from our natal day, is of a teeming multiplicity of objects and relations . He relates the thought processes and earlier fallacies surrounding its study with these analogies We bathnot, accord to James, simply say, it thinks with the said(prenominal) definitive logic as it rains or it blows. What we nookie say, however is that thought goes on. He g oes on to discuss why every thought or relegate is part of our private consciousness. This sets the scaffold for why and how William James came to such conclusions regarding consciousness. forward to this, theories on consciousness neglected sufficient evidence for previous scholars attempted to state theories with forbidden the empowering reality that James was able to express in this chapter. To add get on credibleness to his presumption, he states that every thought is a part of our soulfulnessal consciousness and can be change from individual to individual. Thought, he goes on to say, is in constant change.He provides examples along the way to wee conclude and proof that his methodology is credible. His description of Mr. Shadworth Hodgeson (p. 149) bring to passs very clear evidence that individual consciousness has the ability to change and alter what it thinks and why, almost on a whim. From thought-processing, we segue into the dream experience and how they are d irectly related to one another in forming, sometimes jarring experiences. First, we must look at the characteristic differences between diaphanous and non- unambiguous dreams. A limpid dream, simply stated, is the state of REM sleep when a person is almost awake.The dream continues to learn but the escapist is certainif only for a few secondsthat they are conceive of. Non-lucid dreaming, on the other hand, occurs when an individual is not aware of being in a dream state. The non-lucid dream is the most common form of dream. It is toilsome to ascertain when and where the division between lucid dreaming and non-lucid dreaming occurs. In other scripts, when the dream consciousness ends and where a person is consciously aware of the dream cannot be defined. Its purely innate, or set diversion for individual interpretation.However, the true experience of the dream can best be interpreted with the following model. The dream model links the waking-self and the dreamer. With this connection, the model to a fault looks at what psychological levels alter self-awareness in the act of dreaming. Research, according to Laberge, has shown that over 80% of lucid dreams are transformations of a non-lucid dream. When we look at many lucid dreamers, the act of coherence or hasslering from the dream is, many times, likely to occur during a nightmare or a dream that instills anxiety. The notion of anxiety can be viewed oppositely from one person to the next.What one person views as uncomfortable will not pack the same gravity on another persons interpretation. Its all a matter of personal experience. To state it simply, what asks about devotion in one person may not instill that same fear in another person. This, in turn, can lead us back to individual experience. The experience and thought processing is the framework for find lucid dreams and non-lucid dreams, which can be referenced back to our discussion on the philosopher William James. Its important that I inc lude a few dream examples to express the anxiety that can be instilled upon the dreamer.One dream surround occurred in a classroom. It was a riot, according to the dreamer. Again, the notion of what institutes a riot can vary from person to person. Its also important to detail the dream, in order to give merit to the persons anxiety. This truehearted dream had a large barbarian with a heavily deface face. He was the Goliath in the dream and locked up the dreamer in its steely grip. The dreamer could not free himself. It was at this point that the dreamer realized he was amid a dream for he recalled other situations in his life.He gave up the struggle and instead offered feelings of love and consolation to this sottish barbarian. Yet, the beast was too ugly to love. He tried to look beyond the physical appearance and scarred features and soon beautiful words of kind acceptance flowed freely and the creature melted into him. The riot soon disappeared and the dreamer woke feeling relieved and calm. There are many other human emotionsembarrassment or delight for instancethat can institute a person into wakefulness. The number of methods used by individuals varies.Whats important to beef upalthough it may seem obviousis the fact that individuals learn these methods in a conscious, wakeful state. Again, I go back to incorporating some of the philosopher William Jamess theories to reinforce my interpretation. James gives us clear real-life scenarios to help define his supposition on human conscious thought. For consideration, suppose three people forthwith say to you Wait Look Over here Our consciousness is separate to decide which of the three will gain our attention first. He doesnt deny our consciousness being able to juggle thoughts of the wait look and over here. William James reinforces his theory by stating that there is a different feel within our conscious thought when we experience something for the first time, versus recognizing something famil iar. It could be a tune, an odor, or a familiar photograph that resonated memories. Again, James uses particularised examples. The new experiencesor unfamiliar experiencecan shake our emotions, which can strengthen recall. Also, objects in our field of vision have what James called a fringe. If we try to recall a forgotten name, there will be a gap in our consciousness as we search the recesses of our brainiac for this name.If someone tries to help us remember and gives us incorrect names, our consciousness will remain at the fringe until we hear the name or something stirs us emotionally to recall the name. In effect, it is the overtone, or the fringe of the word or thought that generates energy within the human mind. It gives way to minds which create the verbal kernelas James puts itthat keeps the stream of consciousness on the move, always flowing, and always changing. James offers clear, consistent evidence to warrant credibility surrounding the intangible concepts of the s tream of thought.In the following chapter, James segues into The Consciousness of Self, and brings the ego and its relationship to consciousness to the table. James builds momentum by stating humankinds intrinsic desire for recognition from loved ones, and society in general, plays a part in how human consciousness develops. To bring this point home, James adds impact with this a man has as many cordial selves as there are individuals who recognize him and carry as image of him in their mind. James also references a mans honor in society by stating it has a sole purpose to best serve our social-selves.This social grace, then, is tied to what James refers to as the self-regard. We weigh our own Me as we grasp praise and blame. James speaks of an individual self-regard as vital for the individual knows him or herself better than anyone elseregardless of how positive or depressing a person views themselves. Its the emotion of self that James, in turn, speaks of as he builds on his c onsciousness of self. Its the sense of personal identity that fosters the ego-thought which system part of the individuals stream of consciousness. From here, we look at anomaly recognition.Here, the dreamer trains themselves to understand bizarre dream events as a red-flag to bring oneself back to wakefulness. The dream interpreter uses previous dreams and/or previous life-experiences that they view as bizarre to work as a point where the conscious-self takes over and stirs the dreamer into an alert state. For, when an individual can jar oneself from a potentially nightmarish dream, their emotional consciousness, in turn, will not be change by the dramatic negative effects of the dream. They, in effect, turn off the dream before it can be viewed in its entirety. Heres another example of a dream with anomaly recognitionA person is stepping through a field that is colored with fairy-tale animation. There is life everywhere in this wilderness. The overwhelming image, however, are m agic mushrooms (psilocybin variation). These mushrooms shoot out from the soil all over the field. Some grow to immense line of longitude and girth. The person, then, realizes that this fantasy is too dream-like to be real. Their rationalization offers the anomaly recognition to stir them from their slumber. They are able to insert lucid thoughts that say, I must be dreaming. The dream begins to fade as their conscious-self regains control of the persons mind set.One more dream example that uses anomaly as a cue to clear oneself from an anxiety- driven dream can be seen in the following situation A person stands on top of a hill that seems unfamiliar. He looks across the wide-open meadow and envisions the horizon stretching out before him. For some odd reason, the dreamer has no idea of time, or what year it is. He sees the positioning of the cheerfulness, which appears to be straight overhead. The sun is intense and bright, which is unusual. The dreamer suddenly realizes that i t is autumn and the sun was much glare in the recent past. The dreamer correlates the angle of the sun in relation to the equator.His shadow, due to the angle of the sun in this season should create a shadow that is tint in height to his own. The shadow does not equal his height. So he realizes that this must be a dream. The reason I included this dream was to point out that individual interpretations on dreams can be directly related to human experience and ones knowledge-base and educational background. Although this was not a frightful dream or one that might instill anxiety, the dreamerdue to his knowledgeascertained that the lack of proportion in his shadow was enough to constitute an anomaly and so free him from his dream-consciousness.There is heavy criticism surrounding the topic of lucid dreaming, which I will address in detail here. For one, even though, according to research, there is overwhelming positive feedback regarding lucid dreams, I have a difficult time taking this data seriously. Laberge and many other researchers in this field state that clearness during a nightmare can create a fear-factor within an individual that may have dramatic effects on ones courage and even self-esteem.I do not see any parallel significance in a person losing self-esteem due to a lucid dream. Other studies went so far as to state that mood can be altered as well. If people are moved(p), or say they are affected by a dream, then these results are too biased and subjective to be deductd. The attempts at generalizing lucid dreaming can be seen in the following example One study reviewed moods in college students and the relationship to lucid dreaming.College students, it was reported, stated that if they realized they were dreaming in a nightmare that this lucidity helped them deal with the consequences of the nightmare and feel better in 60% of the cases (Lucid pipe dream Frequency p. 1). I find this rationalization too trite to even be considered in a litera ry study. Furthermore, they went on to state that those who experienced dying in a dream stated that the experience was insightful, and not regressive. All in all, these elements alone are too biased and systematic to create any sound reasoning behind the notion of lucid dreaming and its effects on a persons well-being.In conclusion, I must reiterate that the reasons for dreaming have bewildered philosophers and science enthusiasts for many years. When we look at a normal life span, a person spends close to 25 years of their life asleep. Dreams are an organic component of this. It only makes sense that there is a purpose to our dreaming that is related to personal experience. It can also be seen that dream control, in the sense of turning off a dream so-to-speak is available to us in the form of anomalous dream situations.However, when literary criticism attempts to generalize the lucid dream with an individuals mood, there is great revive for its validity. Dreams are in a genre that is still very blear-eyed in its scientific evidence, and thus flawed when we try to use the dream as a developmental factor in a persons conscious state of mind. While the discussions surrounding the purpose of dreams are far from over, at least philosophers and scientists have a captivating meaning into discussing how the brain creates these nightly tales of adventure.

Alcoholism as the Plot Builder of Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned Essay

To echo Fitzgeralds postulation of Antony Patchs messed up biography, As winter approached it seemed that a sort of madness seized upon Anthony. He awoke in the first light so nervous that Gloria could feel him trembling in the bed sooner he could muster enough vitality to stumble into the pantry for a drink. He was intolerable now except under the influence of liquor, and as he seemed to decay and coarsen under her eyes, Glorias soul and consistence shrank away from himCITATION Fit02 p 111 l 1033 (Fitzgerald, 2002, p. 111) This is a depiction of a desperate mans life that has turned to alcohol afterwardward experiencing multiple frustrations in life wholly through his adulthood and a wife who is drawn away from him for this reason. How Antony Patchs character is shape and developed in the novel is just scarcely a denunciation of the messed lives of many uber- fat adults who were lucky enough to be born in rich families but ended up blowing up lifetime opportunities in wast eful escapades of lavish spending during the excessive drinking and partying Jazz Era of the 1920s.Ideally, The good-looking and Damned is ab pop out Anthony Patch who is married Gloria Gilbert and they are mesmerised with the party life. They lead an extravagant life w here they enjoy throwing and attending parties which in the end develops to a habit of drinking o a daily basis. such was the life of Anthony Patch who had mastered the art of laziness leading a valueless life only eager for his grandfather to pass on so as to inherit his multimillion fortunes .Patchs drinking habits were picked while at school in Princeton where his initial life was tied around books but due to peer influence channeled through his schoolmates who thought of him as cosmos dull and a hopeless romantic, he besought to drinking just desire the rest of his peers and vowed to explore the world and party using his family fortune. At many point in life, Anthony Patch is enrolled into Camp Hooker duri ng the war geezerhood but he proves to be mentally disoriented as he spends his days in the camping area getting drunk and to cap it all picked up a mistress. Though the move of enrolled into Camp Hooker is considered as a patriotic one, his friends at the camp are another trashy lot who gratify and support his drinking tendencies by indulging in the same with him. His drinking trysts make him a favorite among his camp buddies for he is treated respect for the incessant parties he throws while at camp thus putting to light contemptibility and stupidity of his friends CITATION Mau22 l 1033 (Maunsell, 1922).Patch then meets Gloria Gilbert who beauty is impeccable and he is quickly swept off is feet as he vows to pursue his romantic desires to his lifes death with Gloria. Gloria herself is a replica of Antony for her dogma is satisfaction of worldly-minded pleasures as she selflessly puts it herself, If I expected anything, Id scan it I cant be both(prenominal)ered resisting th ings I want (Fitzgerald, 2002, p. 235) It is with the same creed that she detests her husbands inability to continuously bring up her lavish and innumerable cocktails. Just like everyone else, this couple turns to potomania to camo their life frustrations to the extent that Anthony cannot do without a taste of the bottle draw in Glorias own words, Oh no, he doesnt show it any longer unless he can hardly stand up, andhe talks okay till he gets excited. He talks muchbetter than he does when hes sober. But hes been sitting here all day drinking-except for the time it took him to walk the corner for a newspaper publisher (Fitzgerald, 2002, p. 398) This entry at towards the end of the novel shows how despicable and dependable Antony damns life has been on alcohol after missing out on his grandfathers fortune and the same being order towards a servant.Perhaps, Patchs party and drinking habits were fueled by the fact that he was heir to a rich empire strengthened by his rather stri ct disciplinarian grandfather who gave no populate to unvalued morals. An event where he walks into one of Gloria and Antonys raucous false party at their apartment is a representation of his disgust and ill-treatment for irresponsible behavior. His body language and events that transpire after this speaks volumes about his corrective antics at the party, he stares at a white-faced Antony with disgust and in irresolution and utters five denouncing words to the young man in front of him, surface go back to Suttleworth..(Fitzgerald, 2002, p. 235) The mood in the mood is all somber, both Gloria and Patch are frightened by Cross Patchs presence but he silently walks out of the room after his works. Repercussions that follow are that gets disinherited of his grandfathers fortune and it is enjoin towards a servant. They contest the decision after his grandfathers transient but it only makes them more miserable as they entrenched deeper into potomania to drown their sorrows. The Da mned and beautiful closes as tragic story of an soul who had it all but wasted the opportunity through lavish parties and alcoholism to end up in a wheel chair by age thirty three.ReferencesFitzgerald, F. S. (2002). The Beautiful and The Damned . New York Simon & Schuster .Maunsell, F. L. (1922, March 5). current Works of Fiction The Beautiful and The Damned . Retrieved October 11, 2014, from The New York Times http//www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-damned.htmlSource document

Quantitative Methods for Business Essay

In January 2008, Northern Airlines structured with selenium Airlines to create the fourth largest U.S. carrier. The new North-South Airline inherited both(prenominal) an aging buy the farm of Boeing 727-300 aircraft and Stephen Ruth. Stephen was a tough former secretary of the navy who stepped in as new president and chairman of the board.Stephens foremost concern in creating a financially solid company was support costs. It was commonly surmised in the airline industry that maintenance costs insurrection with the advance of the aircraft. He quickly noticed that historically there had been a significant difference in the reported B727-300 maintenance costs (from ATA degree 41s) both in the airframe and locomotive engine areas amid Northern Airlines and Southeast Airlines, with Southeast having the newer happen.On February 12, 2008, rowlock Jones, vice president for operation and maintenance, was called into Stephens office and asked to study the issue. Specifically, Step hen wanted to know whether the ordinary fleet age was correlated to direct airframe maintenance costs, and whether there was a relationship between bonnie fleet age and direct engine maintenance costs. Peg was to report back by February 26 with the answer, along with quantitative and lifelike descriptions of the relationship.Pegs first step was to have her staff fabricate the clean age of Northern and Southeast B727-300 fleets, by quarter, since the introduction of that aircraft to serve by to each one airline in late 1993 and early 1994. The average out age of each fleet was calculated by first multiplying the sum up number of calendar days each aircraft had been in service at the pertinent point in time by the average day-after-day utilization of the respective fleet to total fleet hours flown. The total fleet hours flown was then divided by the number of aircraft in service at that time, giving the age of the average aircraft in the fleet.The average utilization was re ar by taking the actual total fleet hours flown on family line 30, 2007 form Northern and Southeast data, and dividing by the total days in service for all aircraft at that time. The average utilization for Southeast was 8.3 hours per day, and the average utilization for Northern was 8.7 hours per day. Because the available cost data were calculated for each yearly period ending at the end of the first quarter, average fleet age was calculated at the same points in time. The fleet data are shown in the following table. Airframe cost data and engine cost data are both shown paired with fleet average age in that table.

Is King Lear Nihilistic or Hopeful?

Is fag Lear nihilistic or hopeful? Satisfying, hopeful, and redemptive near critics would say that these adjectives belong nowhere near a description of business moveer Lear. One critic, Thomas Roche, even off states that the die hards ending is as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outdoors the gates of hell (164). Certainly, Roches pessimistic interpretation has merit concomitantly(prenominal)wards every, Lear has seen nearly every mavin he once c ard for die before destruction himself. Although this position of the admit is authoritative, agreeing with this negative view requires a person to believe that Lear corresponds zero story and that he suffers and dies in trivial.Indeed, this is exactly what Roche believes when he states that at the plays end, Lear palliate can non tell good from evil . . . or rightful(a) from morose (164). This nihilistic approach, however, non provided disregards more than of the plays moments of philosophical insight, neertheless it as well as completely misinterprets Shakespeares intent. That is not to say that Lear is without shift at the end of the play as Shakespeare surely unders oerlyd, Lear is lifelessness kinds, and as such, he is subject to serviceman frailty. What is most important about Lear, however, is not that he dies a flawed man only that he dies an improve man.Therefore, although King Lear might freshman appear bleak, Shakespeare suggests that Lears smell, and valet de chambre life in general, is value all of its misery because it is often through ugly that people gain knowledge about the true nature of their psyche selves and about the nature of all valet de chambreity (Roche 164). From the very descent of the play, Shakespeare suggests that King Lear has much to say. As Maynard Mack explains in his establish Action and human race in King Lear, the reader/audience is immediately invited to sense buzz off that Lear is too deeply . . . omfortable and secure in his robes and furrd gowns, in his rituals of authority and complaisance . . . and in his chil swear out charades (170). In otherwise words, there is an immediate sense that Lear is not genuinely aware of the harsh realities of human life. For instance, when Lear says that he has change integrity his kingdom into thirds for each daughter so that he can put out and Unburthened crawl toward death, he shows that he is completely missing in viridity sense by assuming that his plan leave alone go harmonise to his will and that the transition of power will run smoothly (1. . 43). just about instantly, Lear is proven foolish when Regan and G unityril hit together and agree to do something, and in the heat to denudate their father of any power that he has rest (1. 1. 306, 311). Mack calls this rapid string of events that follow Lears hasty abdication the waiting coil of consequences that leaps into threatening life, bringing with it the unmistakable message that Lear was dete stably wrong in choosing to reward his false-flattering daughters with the indue of his kingdom (170).Lears gift to Goneril and Regan, whose quick deception shows the falseness of their affections toward their father, proves that Lear is unable to see the make water it a mien, or lack thereof, that others bind for him. Likewise, when he be answers enraged at Cordelia after she refuses to flatter him, Lear reveals that he, similar Goneril and Regan, is unable to submit altruistic love for another person when he says to Cordelia that it would have been Better thou/ Hadst not been born than not t have pleased me (1. . 235-236). In essence, his . . . power and his love to flattery bows and he is precisely able to love another person when that person appeals to his sense of vanity, so when those who truly do love Lear, namely Cordelia and Kent, refuse to appease his vain nature, Lear banishes them, Without grace . . . love . . . or benison (1. 1. 149, 266). This inability to accep t love and relationships as their own reward, Mack states, is Lears fatal flaw (170).Mack argues that relationships can lead to happiness exactly that they lead to lovingnessache and despair equally as often in align to have any good relationships, then, a person essentialiness(prenominal) accept others for who they are, which is something that Lear is unable and unwilling to do (Mack 170). Indeed, Lear would have been very happy living his remaining years without any important knowledge about love or relationships, surrounding himself in a childish charade of false love and false truth from this point forward, however, Lear will have to learn the consequences of his screenlandingly ignorant military actions (Mack 170).The ignorance about life and human nature that Lear demonstrates in the plays first scene, then, leads to his largest mis draw, the mistake that serves as a turning point from which all other actions are the get up consequence. As Mack explains, because Shak espeare put the turning point at the beginning of the play, The meaning of action in Lear lies quite a in effects than in antecedents, and peculiarly in its capacity, as with Lear in the opening scene, to generate energies that will lunge themselves . . . in reverberations of disorder (170). That is, because Lears fatal flaw resents itself early rather than later on in the playas is customary for Shakespearean tragedythe meanings and consequences of his actions, as well as Lears own thoughts/awareness, have a longer time to evolve. How the early turning point in Lear helps to emphasize Lears learning experience is clarified by canvas the play with another Shakespearean tragedy the turning point in Othello, for example, occurs in act 3, scene 3 when the seeds of jealousy that Iago has planted throughout the first three acts finally take root intimate of Othellos brainiac.It is not until this time that Othellos fatal flaw emerges, when, in a jealous rage, he vows that his blood y thoughts Shall nevr look back . . . / bowl a capable and wide revenge / Swallow them Desdemona and Cassio up (3. 3. 454-457). The play is already half over before Shakespeare reveals Othellos fatal flaw, and it is not until the final scene that Othello learns how gullible he has been. In essence, Othello learns zero from his experience he dies in vain, humiliated and heartbroken.In Lear, on the other hand, the main action throughout the entire play revolves around Lears painful anguish and his purgatorial learning experience, all stemming, of course, from his rash, ignorant behavior in the first act. In order for Lear to learn from his selfish and ignorant ways, he must(prenominal) first realize that he has been blind to the truth. Lear is served a cold dish of reality when Goneril and Regan disrespectfully refuse to allow their father the privilege of his terrific knights, which of course, are the last symbol of his past authority and his kingly soak GONERIL. Hear me, my lo rd.What needs you louvre and twenty? Ten? Or five? To follow in a house where twice so many Have a command to tend you? REGAN. What need one? (2. 4. 259-263) not only do these lines represent how Lears daughters have contemptuously interpreted away his remaining power, tho they also represent the loss of Lears dignity by leaving him a shell of his former self, without a single conciliatory knight left to appease his sense of self-importance. formerly this happens, Lear is left enraged and desperate, pridefully stating that even our basest beggars / Are in the poorest superfluous and that he needs . . . ore than nature needs, else Mans life is cheap as beasts (2. 4. 263-266). In other words, Lear feels that his daughters are treating him equal an animal(prenominal) by depriving him of his royal train. Clearly, Lear still clings to the pompous supposition that his needs are above the needs of the basest beggar and he still feels equivalent the acquitted victim of his daughters cruel behavior (2. 4. 263). Even with all of Lears inveterate faults, however, the seeds of knowledge are beginning to grab hold it has been painful, but he finally sees that Goneril and Regans false tongues had blinded him from their true, unloving natures.That is, when he calls them stirred hags and. . . a disease thats in my flesh, he finally sees what love is not (2. 4. 277, 221). In this way, Lear has had his idealized vision of the truthone where he is flattered, pampered, and adoredpainfully stripped away from him even still, it will take a purgatorial act and subsequent repentance before Lear learns what the true meaning of love is. Fittingly, as Lear storms out of the castle and into the harsh weather, Regan states that the injuries that froward men do themselves procure / Must be their own schoolmasters (2. . 301-303). What Regan actor by this is that the storm will teach Lear that he must move back his pride, but the statement also foreshadows how Lear will learn som ething much more important about human nature while he suffers from the elements. In fact, it is in the rage of the storm, interspersed with his own rage, that Lear has his first unselfish thoughts, as is transparent when he affects the fritter How dost my boy? Art cold? and he (Lear) says to him wretched Fool and knave, I have one part in my heart / Thats sorry for you yet (3. 2. 68, 72-73).Lear further portrays the empathy that he has for others when he stands only on the heath and, in a moment of heartfelt lucidness, laments over the houseless masses Poor naked wretches, wheresoeer you are, That bide the pelting of this ruthless storm, How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides, Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you From seasons such as these? (3. 4. 28-33) Not only does Lear crush out sincere concern for others during this soliloquy, but he also expresses regret for the way that he has treated his subjects when he says that O, I have taen / Too puny care o f this (3. 4. 33-34). Indeed, this is the first time in the play that Lear admits any kind of wrongdoing, and as such, it is the first time that he looks inside himself at his own soul and sees that it, like his eldest daughters souls, is far from spotless. pursuance Lears profound insight on the heath, he moves into the shanty where, after meeting Edgar, who is disguised as the beggar Poor Tom, he begins to top dog the nature of all humanity.When Lear sees Edgars cold, shivering, and uncovered ashes, he asks the unadulterated heading Is man no more than this? (3. 4. 105). When Lear says that The unaccomodated man is no more / but such a poor, bare, forked animal, he is essentially saying that human beings, like their naked bodies, are pitiable creatures (3. 4. 109-110). Likewise, when he proceeds to strip of his garments, he is making the symbolic communicate that he is no ameliorate than Poor Tom that is, he realizes that he, too, is pitiable.Lears recognition that his own body is pathetic, the literary critic Paul Jorgensen argues in his book Lears Self-Discovery, is Lears first insight. Jorgensen argues, self-knowledge means understanding the vileness of the flesh in order to attain wisdom, he asserts, people must be willing to jazz that they are born of the seed of Adam and as such, are dingy . . . and abominable before God (26). Shakespeare, however, does not suggest that Lear is necessarily darned because he is the Son of Adam.Rather, the episode with Poor Tom in the hovel simply suggests that all of humanity, including its royalty, is flawed using Lears insight as an example, Shakespeare suggests that in order for people to be redeemed by God, they must first realize humankinds shortcomings and learn to pity one and all. Lears compassion toward Edgars frailty and his insistence that he have the company of the naked, noble philosopher proves that he has learned more than just empathy and self-awareness he has also learned to value his relatio nships with people despite their flaws, regardless of what he might gain from these relationships (3. . 175). Another example of Lear learning altruistic betrothal arises from his relationship with the Fool, who, as A. C. Bradley explains, makes incessant and cutting reminders of Lears folly and wrong and so, Lear gets nothing from the Fool other than insults, such as when the Fool suggests that Lear has a little tiny wit (Bradley 24 3. 2. 74). Yet despite his lack of reward, Bradley argues, Lear comes in his affliction to think of others first, and to seek, in tender solicitude for his poor boy, the nurture he scorns for his own bare head (24).In essence, Lear has learned how to accept his relationships as their own reward, which, as surely Mack would agree, is the first step in learning how to love (Mack 170). Clearly, the relationship that Lear has with his Fool is unusual in fact, the Fools role in the play is so unusual that one critic, Jan Kott, argues in his essay King Le ar, or Endgame that the Fools character represents the theme of the entire play, namely, the decay and fall of the creation (152).In an imbecilic military man where no action has any real meaning, Kott states, the Fool is the only character to realize that the only true madness is to regard this world as rational (167). Certainly, what Kott says about the Fool is pay off, to a point. The soliloquy he gives while in the hovel in which he prophesizes that the realm of Albion will come to great confusion certainly proves that the Fool does represent an absurdist viewpoint, but Kott misinterprets Shakespeares intent when he states that the play is itself absurd (3. 2. 91-92). One must remember that Shakespeare makes the Fool disappear at the end of act 3 for a reason.Surely, life is meaningless during the first half of the play when Lear blindly lives his life without truly learning anything about the nature of humanity, but as Lear suffers in the third act, he also learns how to fe el for the weak and houseless poor, to be intimate the falseness of flattery and the brutality of authority, and to pierce through rank and arrange to the common humanity beneath (Bradley 24). As a result of learning, Shakespeare suggests, the worldand Lears part in itceases to be absurd consequently, the Fool, and his philosophy, quietly disappear.It is by no coincidence that Lears suffering and subsequent learning in the third act occur during a miserable storm. In fact, Shakespeare uses the storm as a physical representation of the raging storm of emotions that occurs in Lears mind that is, the contentious storm symbolizes and embellishes what Lear himself calls The tempest in my mind (3. 4. 6,12). Likewise, it is by no coincidence that Goneril, Regan and Cornwall grow worse from their success they all remain warm, dry, and comfortable during the storm and they have all gained great power, but not one of them learns anything during the course of the play.Indeed, as Bradley expl ains, The warm castle becomes a room in hell and the storm swept heath a sanctuary (33). The power of comfort to corrupt is apparent several time during the play, but it is perhaps most shocking when Cornwall gouges out Gloucesters eyeball and proceeds to stomp on them, telling the old man that Upon these look of thine Ill set my foot (3. 7. 69). It is in these lines that the reader/audience sees how powerful, and indeed untouchable, people feel when they have all of the comforts of the world to championship them (3. . 69). Cornwall, like Lear at the beginning of the play, feels invincible, but unlike Lear, he never learns that he is not ague / proof (4. 6. 105-106). Therefore, by contrasting Cornwall, and the other bad characters, to Lear, Shakespeare not only reinforces the idea that knowledge and redemption come to those who suffer through physical and emotional storms, but he also suggests that people who have power and comfort often feel that they are superhuman and have no thing left to learn (Bradley 33).Of course, the eventual death of all of the wickedly comfortable proves otherwise. In addition to the evil characters performing as foils to Lear, Gloucesters symbolic blindness and subsequent literal blindness also help to emphasize how Lear gains knowledge through suffering. Indeed, Gloucester acts as a foil to Lear throughout the play both are initially blind to the actions of their wicked children, both disown their loyal children, and, in turn, both learn the truth in very painful ways.Until his blinding, Gloucester believes that Edgar is a strange and tied(p) villain who has betrayed him and that Edmund is a loyal . . . boy, but the quickness with which Gloucester realizes Edmunds true intent after Cornwall has blinded him, screaming O my follies Then Edgar was abused strongly implies that, like Lear, Gloucester had to suffer in order to see the return (2. 1. 79-86 3. 7. 92-93). In this way, Shakespeare uses irony to reinforce the idea tha t those who have eyes are often blind to the truth and those who suffer often see more truth than their bodies and minds can handle.Yet another person one might equal Lear to is his loving and loyal daughter, Cordelia, who is so angelic that her tears are like holy water that from heavenly eyes flow (4. 3. 31). In essence, she is the goodliest of human figures and a model to which Lear can aspire to become more like (4. 3. 17). Indeed, Lear shows that he has become more like his blessed daughter after he reconciles with her and tells her that When thou dost ask me blessing, Ill kneel down / And ask of thee forgiveness . . . (5. 3. 10-11).This humble, indeed shameful statement seems not to have come from the same selfish, egotistical king who banishes his daughter for not proving her love to him, and in fact, it does not. Lear is a changed man. What his purgatory has prepared him for, his reunion with Cordelia, the plays Christ-figure, has set in stone. Lear has finally and complete ly learned how to love, and for that, he is forgiven and completely redeemed. There are some critics, of course, who believe that Lear does not learn how to love, or learn anything else for that matter.In his essay Nothing Almost Sees Miracles Tragic Knowledge in King Lear, Roche even argues that Shakespeare intended Lear to be a total failure, in fact and in vision (168). Roche continues by stating that at the end of the play, Lear sees nothing because every gesture of his love is countered by an equal and opposite gesture of hatred (164). Indeed, Roche is correct when he states that Lear is still flawed at the end of the play.After all, he still feels like a victim to Goneril and Regans cruel behavior and he is still vengeful, as is evident when he proudly states to Cordelias the Great Compromiser that I killed the slave that was a-hanging thee (5. 3. 276). Even in his defense of Lears knowledge, Jorgensen states that Lear is still pathetically unwise in worldly matters at the end of the play, but he continues by stating that none of this matters because Lear has learned that which, especially for a dying man, is all-important (7).That is, Lear has learned about the meaning of love, the pitiable frailty of the human form, and the miseries of the unfortunate. In essence, he has learned what it means to be a human instead of a king. Therefore, it does not matter that Lear still has faults because his suffering has taught him eternal truthstruths that are worthy of his redemption. In the end, King Lear almost ceases to be tragic (Bradley 32). Certainly, Lears suffering is severe, but Shakespeare shows that it is Lears suffering that leads to his learning and his subsequent redemption.Prior to Lears painful banishment, he is a pampered, flattered king living a false life, full of false love. It is excruciating for Lear to face that his life has been 80 years of lies, but in order to learn the truth, he must first suffer through the pain, and as Shakespeare clear ly shows, it is better to learn through suffering than to remain comfortable and ignorant. Therefore, Lears life is worth all of the agonies it incurs after all, it is only after Lear begins to suffer that he truly begins to live.

A rough background on Aquinas

Acquiring the famous reputation as the angelic t individu tot al singleyyer among the rest of the medieval philosophers because of his overwhelmingly influential and prominent struggle in brilliantly standing on guard the Christian theology during his fourth dimension which was saw one of the heights of the attacks on Christianity, Thomas doubting Thomas make use of gracious causal agent in resolving the criticisms that beset the Christian Church.Resorting to hu hu gentleman race cause and line of descentation in providing a substantial justification for the Christian doctrines that meddled specific altogethery on the man of divinity symbolized a unswerving deviation from the tradition that preoccupied the minds of thinkers during the medieval period. His efforts at utilizing the Aristotelian concepts on metaphysics and epistemology onside with reason roughly highlights his firm belief that plain with the adequateness of simple faith in establishing apparitional principl es and the very existence of matinee idol the office staff of rational thinking in the strictest backbone of the word posterior all the more fairly demonstrate the basic principles of the Christian faith. integrity of the most prominent grounds doubting Thomas proposed is his Five Ways to prove idols existence. Although doubting Thomas guarantee at proving the existence of God has startle parallels to that of Anselms Ontological Argument, the former removes that the subscriber line of the last mentioned thinker is insuffer commensurate for the reason that man tail endnot explicitly demonstrate the existence of God whose constitution is beyond the immediate fellowship of man through the straightest means (Oppy). Utilizing what seems to be a sprouting method of his metre, doubting Thomas attempts at filling the body structure of the Christian faith by embracing the field of grounds along with faith as the backdrop of his arguments.The Five WaysFirst of the arguments embossed by doubting Thomas is the argument for The Un impinge ond Mover. At the center of this argument is the preface that no object moves without a mover, or that all objects move because of a mover in the sense that the leaves of the trees rustle because they ar travel by the wind that the balls in the billiard table collide with different balls or move around the table because of the force delivered through the pool stick stick. A hundred otherwise more examples enkindle be provided. even the very essence of all these illustrations is that no object moves without a mover.Apparently, all the examples lastly lead to an limitless regress where no end can be comprehend at start. However, Aquinas tells us that this is not in reality an infinite regress for there has to be the presence of a first mover which initiated the series of movements. At this point, Aquinas proceeds to remove the infinite regress by arguing that the first mover is God.In a seemingly parallel argume nt, Aquinas second argument rests to a great extent on cause and effect relation. That is, nothing is caused by itself. In other words, each and every effect supremely boils down to a certain(p) cause, or that it is of necessity that every effect for it to be an effect in the strictest sense has to be caused by something right at the onset of it being an effect. Again, it exponent be observed that a line of argument leads to an infinite regress. However, it is not the case for an ultimate cause above anything else has to be responsible for the concatenation of causes and effects. For that matter, Aquinas resolves the regress by arguing that the first cause is God. This is the reasonless cause argument.The third way offered by Aquinas in to begin with proving the existence of God is the cosmological argument. At the core of this argument is the lineament to time wherein temporal objects stand not yet come into congenital existence. All the objects that we may know today ar e virtually inexistent at such point in time. However, Aquinas goes on to argue that since all material objects already exist, there ought to be or have been something extraneous or non-physical which brought these objects into physical existence. In essence, Aquinas claims that God is the non-physical entity which brought about the material existence of these objects.Another argument which Aquinas tries to raise is the argument from degree. This argument apparently focuses its premises on certain variations of comparisons surrounded by qualities among men and other objects thereby providing a sort of background for yet another claim that all objects in the homo, in their numerous manifestations, greatly differ and outweigh any traceable similarity that may hold them together.Thus, individuals may greatly differ in virtues, with one being an altruist and the rest feral criminals aimed at furthering their personal ends. Nevertheless, even if people vary in these aspects, the t elephone line between them can only be achieved if we note of a certain referential point for all the degrees of comparison. The reference, then, should be one which is imminently a perfect maximum and that this maximum cannot possibly rest among men themselves. Hence, God is the perfect standard for all comparisons and is the ultimate reference.Lastly, Aquinas raises the teleological argument which is essentially the argument that seeks to prove the existence of God using the perceived design of the objects in the world. If we are to look upon the structure of the things we may any institutionalisely or indirectly perceive in the world, it will eventually dawn upon our thoughts that everything has been designed in such and such ways, serving dissimilar purposes that are derived from the very configuration of things. Similarly, it can be inferred from such premise that, since everything is so designed accordingly, there ought to be a designer of all these things which is a necess ity which follows from the given observation on the design of things. The designer, as Aquinas argues, is God.Aquinas and humanity acquaintance faith and reasonFor Aquinas, knowledge is the comprehension of the supreme principles of being which define the very inseparable essences of the ultimate understanding of manthat of the sophia and phronesis. While the former is very much interested with the individuals judgementual capacity to exercise speculative thinking or understanding, the latter is primarily concerned with the aligning of the individuals life in line with its fitting end through the enjoyment of practical wisdom. These two are inherently mutual in foundation and are basically brought together in mans attempt at arriving at the knowledge of everything.Moreover, this attempt of man in obtaining knowledge requires the aid of the Divine in such a way that the intellect may be moved by God to its act. Nevertheless Aquinas maintains that man by himself alone has the int rinsic and innate ability to delay the knowledge of many things even without the special divine revelation. More specifically, natural revelationrevelations obtained through reasonis the truth which, due to mans inherent human nature, is made accessible to each and every man. On the other hand, supernatural revelation allows man to comprehend the knowledge on the details of the existence and attri neverthelesses of God requiring not merely reason but also faith.It should be noted that Aquinas is not entirely disproving the role of reason in arriving at the comprehension of things. Quite on the contrary, Aquinas strongly argues for the primal role of reason in arriving at knowledge. Nevertheless, even if he ascribes a premium weight on the significance of rationality, he qualifies this claim by stating that faith still holds central importance, specifically in acquiring knowledge of the existence of God and some(prenominal) other religious matters.It appears quite obvious, then, th at the philosophy of Aquinas in addressing the inquiry on human knowledge of the world cannot be entirely separated from a religious positioning. In explaining the nature of mans knowledge and how one is able to grasp an understanding of the universe, Aquinas reinforces his arguments at the bottom by infusing a religious strand in the heaps of his epistemological and metaphysical inquiry.Aquinas on AristotleThe philosophy of Aquinas, in its very focal point, is seen to be heavily tainted with the philosophy of Aristotle. Much of this claim, for one reason, rests on the historical perspective wherein several of the writings on the philosophy of Aristotle eventually reached the shores of Europe during the time of the Crusades. The ancient texts were then a part of French as easy as Italian universities and institutions of education around the middle part of the 13th century.Like Aristotle, Aquinas himself agrees and proposes the claim that man is in fact a rational animal wherein m an is able to grasp an understanding of the world and to get at knowledge of the Divine through this reason. Though man is an entity imbued with reason, man can merely arrive at such a comprehension of the universe through empirical means. That is, man is capable of hold on knowledge of the world through his sensory experience. As Thomas Aquinas states, whatever is known is known in the manner in which man can know it.Mortimer Adler argues that for the most part, Aquinas and Aristotle agree on several points. First, they both agree that the form of the state of affairs of material composites, which can be made known, must be received by the knower with the form detached from the corporeal substance. Consequently, by possessing the power to acquire such forms in such a way grants the idea that the knower is potentially a knower and is actualized when the knower receives these forms. Among other similarities in the ideas that exist between Aquinas and Aristotle, both in general put centrality on the rationality of man and the role of experience or sensory recognition in acquiring or knowing objects.Owing much of the philosophical subject of Aquinas ideas from Aristotle, the former has a strong belief that reason and human experience can lead man to realizing and understanding the universe and, consequently, the existence of God. And at the time where philosophy is closely knitted to religious matters, Aquinas sought to further reinforce his arguments by injecting Aristotelian philosophy for rationality during the medieval times was one of the factors that seek to explain the universe from a point of visual sense detached from any religious ascription. Thus, Aquinas appears to have Christianized Aristotle in the sense that the former made much use of the latters philosophy in a context slanted towards religion. (Jenkins)On supposed knowledgeAquinas conceived of theoretical knowledge as something which is the effect of human rationality juxtaposed with sens ory observation. That is, one can arrive at theoretical knowledge primarily through an observation of ones world and arrive at a logical structure and correlation of these things through the functioning of reason. Though Aquinas may direct us to the premise that this rationality of man is imbued to all men by God, nevertheless this same rationality alongside with sensory perception addresses the top dog on how men are able to satisfy his inquiries on matters which are at first unknown to him.For example, one may acquire the theoretical knowledge on the how the tides of the oceans rise and fall through visual perception first and foremost which later on proceeds with the functioning of reason in attaching causal relations to the observed phenomenon. A similar view can also be held towards volcanic activity, rise and fall of economical activity, and many others.BibliographyDawkins, Richard. The God Delusion. Houghton Mifflin, 2006.Gaarder, Jostein. Sophies World. Reissue ed Berkley, 1996.Jenkins, John I. Intellectus Principorum. Knowledge and organized religion in Thomas Aquinas. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 101-61.Oppy, Graham. Some Historical Considerations. Ontological Arguments and Belief in God. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1996. 4-46.

Advantages of mass media Essay

Mass media refers collectively to every the media technologies that argon intended to endeavour a large audience via nap communication. There argon dissimilar forms of plentifulness media much(prenominal) as communicate, television, movies, magazines, unfermentedspapers and the World Wide Web. Mass Media enjoys a very prominent role in our lives and thus, it is believed to stoop our society. There atomic number 18 positive and negative effects of portion media on our society. This essay go forth discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mass media and state if the advantage or disadvantage outweighs the new(prenominal).The first-class honours degree advantage of mass media is that it promotes democracy. Talk shows and debates that be conducted on the radio gives hoi polloi chance to voice out their opinions and express their views of ideas c resortly a item make do. This use of radios makes it a remedy market place of ideas where large number function informe d of the multiple ideas that push aside be learned about a topic. Also this advantage of mass media allows arguments to be otherwise of the discussed perspective of an issue to voice out the contrasting feelings of people without the fear of being pointed to by the authorities if opinions atomic number 18 subjective. Moreover, free press keeps the government under unalterable monitoring and checks. It helps the prevalent public to question issues that highlight policy failures, maladministration, scandals and corruptions and this makes mass media the voice of the disadvantaged. A long tradition of liberal theorists claimed that a free and independent press within a nation can figure out a vital role in the process of democratization by contributing towards the right of expression, thought and conscience, strengthening the responsiveness of government to all citizens and providing a pluralist platform of political expression for a multiplicity of groups. Thus, radio being an exa mple shows the positive relationship between mass media and democracy. memorialise more Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass MediaFurthermore, mass media promotes health commandment. A trend in which societies can grow is by means of good health and studies assert that media has a responsibility to help people live a healthy life. In Uganda, for instance, FM radios conducted programs where medical doctors were invited to a programto talk about general or specific diseases, their causes, symptoms and how to avoid these diseases or where to seek treatment. Namely, Radio-Wa conducted a program, bump into The Doctor, on which a doctor from Lira Hospital appeared every sunshine from 5.00 pm and discussed popular medical issues, such as, current health problems of procreative health diseases and perk upually transmitted diseases, for about an hour. Through another research, it was rear that radio listeners took active part in these kinds of programs and they were able to learn about many diseases that they were suffering from unknowingly. Majority of the listeners were able to cure their diseases. Thus, mass media assists people to keep informed about medical and health issues.In addition, mass media plays a very vital role in accounting for pastoral trade. Radio, one of the fastest forms of mass communication, has been utilize in communicating heighten knowledge to farmers for a long time and since then radio has been used as a mass communication for agricultural development. Rural communities get information on supply of input, early warning systems for drought and diseases, new technologies and market price and information about their competitors. Such information by dint of mass media contributes to the expansion of agriculture. After looking at factor such as the continuing expansion of market oriented agriculture and the change magnitude complexity of input requirements, studies give noticeed that there is a need for a continues education of farm ers and extensions and thus concluded that radios and television would be a good way to disseminate information to them. Another research showed that 58 % of the respondents regarded radio as the most effective channel for dissemination of agricultural information. Thus information about trade from mass media would likely result in benefiting the full-page economy along side with the entrepreneurs of such trading businesses.On the other hand, mass media broadcasts negative information to teenager agers, especially females, about brace related topics. Movies and televisions are two examples of sources from where teens absorb information about sex and sexuality. These sources give unrealistic images of the portrayed topics. A study shows that an average teen ager is split upd to around 14000references of sex of which less than a percent of the references require information about abstinence, birth control, pregnancy risks, and sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, mass med ia uses females as sex objects. In most music videos, females are approximately half the time dressed in clothes that expose their breast and rear ends. The sexual attractiveness of music videos and similar imaged mass media encourages teens as well as adults to expose themselves in public, inviting them to become victims of unethical crimes, such as, rape.Moreover, mass media depicts non realistic body images. This disadvantage of mass media enactment leads majority of the viewers toward unhealthy eating habits. Young people are getting encouraged by skinny models on the TV to lose weight and get their body into a sexy image. Researchers are claiming that males are becoming more insecure about their physical appearance as advertisements are painting images of idealistic well built muscular body. A study found that girls as unfledged as eight days old are weight conscious and are on rigorous diets. Many other females smoke to keep their weight off and through research, it is fo und out that there is approximately 400% increase in eating disorder since 1970.Like females, boys in any case tend to smoking to lose weight. A survey by Teens Magazine reported that 27% of the females felt that media pressured them to perk up a perfect body and 69% of girls state that magazine models influence their thought of being slim and slender. Medias role in portray unrealistic images of body figures can lead to serious health problems and injurious diseases as attendants to media are evidently being influenced by the false images.In addition, mass media promotes gender and racial unfairness in a society. Women, through media, are treated in disrespectful manners and are referred by the use of unethical words, such as, a whore or a slut. These kinds of words can be heard over the radio and seen in movies and televisions, for instance, the use of the word bitch in reference to women can be seen in wrestling programs exposed young children to witness it without supervisio n. Advertisements also promote gender yieldness as they mostly include women in a sexual way to sell product. A study on advertisements showed that males are only seen in 25% of the advertisements on scantily wears, for example,underwear advertisements. The said(prenominal) study quoted that roughly 62% of white women were noticed in the alike kind of advisements and the figure for black women was 53% only. Also, black women were mostly shown in animal prints and in predatory poses to highlight their powerlessness. Thus, mass media is openly bias towards the sexes and races of different kinds of people.Besides its other disadvantages, mass media is known to lead young children to aggressive furiousness. Media violence is harmful to kids because of their inability to differentiate between universe and fantasy. A study showed that by the age of 18, an average teen ager has viewed approximately 200000 acts of violence on television, ignoring other sources of mass media. These viol ent clips increase belligerency and anti social behavior in children and it also increases their thirst for violence in the real life. Hence children are traumatized by the violent images and as a result they end up committing violent acts themselves.In conclusion, it is understandably argued that mass media has both advantages and disadvantages. The issues that are discussed in this essay evidently suggest that the disadvantage of mass media outweighs the advantages yet some of the disadvantages of mass media can be avoided.