Why Did Civil War Break Out in 1642

Lack of Money nonpareil of the reasons why the polished contend broke come forth in England in 1642 was because of Charles lack of money. To discover the source of this, we have to go back to the ascendant of James persist. James was the first pouf to reign over both(prenominal) England and Scotland, and when he came belt down from Scotland it is said that he was astonished at how rich England was, enchantment James had needed to borrow money for his travelling expenses. When James died in 1625, Charles came to the throne, and he, desire his induce, had very little money.Once Charles became King, the County Faction1 wanted him to go to war with the Catholics in Spain, so Charles asked them for taxes to use on the war. They refused to pay enough, so the war was hopeless, and sevens blamed the King for this. The reason fan tan granted so some taxes was that they wanted to make sure they were adjureed again. Charles, a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings, thought that he should non have to recover with fantan, and the only thing that kept him calling it was money2. One good pillow depicted object of the way parliament do sure they were called back in Charles reign was tonnage and poundage.These were duties imposed on certain imports and exports. It was normal for these duties to be stubborn in the first parliament of a monarchs reign, but in the case of Charles, they only decided on it for one year, so the King would be forced to call them again. Although Charles tried to ask for more(prenominal) money, Parliament refused, because they believed he spent it on his favourites. Because of this, Charles had to get himself more money. He began using the perform Courts, exploiting taxes such as ship money3, and selling monopolies and titles. He also receptive a Court of Star Chamber, which he used to fine stack heavily to raise money.Since the judges in the Star Chamber were officials of the Crown, and at that place was no jury, Charl es could be sure of getting a favourable result. Parliament was furious with this, and immediately drew up the Petition of Right, which asked the King to transgress illegal taxation. The King signed it, but only because Parliament jeopardise to impeach Buckingham, one of the Kings favourites. The quarrels about money went on, and eventually Charles decided to force out Parliament. He reigned without them for 11 years. When the new prayer book was brought into Scotland, a separate called the Covenanters essay to invade England.Charles called a Parliament to try and get taxes to shift the Covenanters, but they refused4, so Charles fade away them again. He was forced to pay the Scotch ? 850 a day to stop them advancing, and eventually, in 1641, his money ran out, and he had to call Parliament he was bankrupt and at t inheritor mercy, so money was unimpeachably a key factor in the outbreak of the civil war. holiness Another major influence in the outbreak of the civil war wa s religion. The religious quarrels began right at the start of Charles reign, when Charles married Henrietta Maria, a cut Catholic.Although Charles didnt choose to marry her his father, James, set up the marriage the public, especially the Puritans, didnt like having a Catholic as Queen. A few extremists even see this as a sign that Charles was secretly Catholic After the King dissolved Parliament, he made William exalt the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1633. While Laud was Archbishop, he made many changes to the Church. Most of these changes involved beatifying the Church and livery back robes for priests, statues and stained-glass windows. All these things reminded the side of meat of Catholicism.In 1636, Archbishop Laud decided to introduce the English Prayer Book (which stated how services should be run) into Scotland. There was comprehensive rioting, because no one wanted to follow the new Prayer Book. Scotland was a Presbyterian (Puritan) country, and they thought that the English Prayer Book was far too Catholic to use in Scotland. This eventually led to many frugal, called the Covenanters, marching down the country in an attempt to invade England. At this point, Charles had to call Parliament to ask for taxes to pay for the war, but was horrified to see that most of the mononuclear phagocyte system were on the Covenanters side.Parliament agreed that the Prayer Book was too Catholic, so Charles dissolved them again, but after he ran out of money to pay the sparing (see the Money section above) he was forced to call Parliament again. Parliament first put Laud on trial, and found him guilty. Later they decided to execute Strafford on charges of organising an army in Ireland, where he governed. It sour out that this was a big mistake. As soon as Strafford was executed, the Irish Catholics rebelled against the Protestants, formula they were rebelling for the King.Although it was clear this was not true, Parliament did not trust the King when he a sked them for an army, and so refused, believing he would use it to crush them instead. Foreign personal business Another factor in the outbreak of civil war was unlike affairs. On the continent, the 30 Years War was going on, where Catholic rulers attempted to wipe out the Protestants in their countries. This fuelled peoples fears that something similar might happen in England. Other foreign causes of the war were from Ireland and Scotland, and are detailed above. Charles PersonalityAlthough it may front un master(prenominal), Charles personality was a major factor in the events leading to civil war. To start with, Charles hadnt expected to be King at all his elderberry bush brother, Henry, had been expected to take the job, but when he died suddenly in 1612, Charles became the heir to the throne. Charles also believed in the Divine Right of Kings. He thought, as his father had before him, that Kings were appointed by God, and could not be wrong. He dislike having to rule with Parliament, and thought that he should be able to do anything he liked. This caused lots friction between him and the mononuclear phagocyte system. Parliament The Short ParliamentWhen Parliament was summoned in April 1640, Charles had governed for eleven years without them5, and while this certainly went against the spirit of the English constitution, it was inside the Kings prerogative to do so. Charles was forced to call a parliament when the Scots rebelled. Putting an army into the field to deal with the Scots put a heavy drain on the royal finances, so Charles needed to bill a tax, which he could only do with the consent of Parliament. When Parliament met the nobility from the counties used the occasion to vent their frustration, with Harbottle Grimston and John Pym leading a assort of complaints.Three weeks later, Charles dissolved Parliament, blaming the malicious cunning of some few seditious bear upon men. This was known as the Short Parliament and it sat from 13 April, 1640, to 5 May, 1640. The war with the Scots did not fair well for Charles, but he eventually came to an agreement of ? 850 a day to keep the Scots at bay. The Long Parliament In order to pay this and get cash in hand for a final settlement Charles had to summon another Parliament6. This time Charles could not afford to dismiss Parliament until he got what he wanted, and this gave Parliament an important card to play in what was to come.The Long Parliament, as it was known, sat from 3 November, 1640, for 13 years, until Oliver Cromwell suppressed it. It should be noted it was not formally laid-off until 1660, after the Restoration. Therefore, when Parliament met in November 1640, it was with a mood of constitutional reform. Of the 493 system of macrophages elected * 340 were anti-Court (the County Faction) * 64 were for the Court (supporters of the King) * 59 were of an unknown disposition * 17 were disabled from sitting (these were mainly of the Court Camp) * The remaining 13 we re probably of the Court Faction.Parliament pinned the blame for what went wrong on the Kings advisors, rather than Charles himself, sending both Strafford and Laud to the Tower. Charles also tried to heal the rift by signing Straffords death warrant, passing a bill that allowed for Parliament not to be dissolved without its own consent, a bill making ship money illegal and other bills that taken together demolished the framework of prerogative government. The excite Climax All of these causes led to some key events in 1641 and 1642. It turned out that the execution of Strafford had been a mistake. Without Strafford to reign over Ireland, the Irish rebelled in 1641.This raised an insoluble problem who would command the Army, King or Parliament? John Pym took the initiative by issuing the Militia Bill and, more importantly, the Grand Remonstrance. It listed all the things Charles had done wrong in his reign, suggested less might for bishops, and said that Parliament should have p ower over the Church and the adjustment of Royal ministers. It was passed by 11 votes, which meant that, while most of the Commons had previously been against him, now almost half of them supported him. However, it was after this that the King made a foolish move.On the advice of his Queen (who was used to French politics, where the King had much more power over the way the country was run), Charles decided to set about the five ringleaders, including Pym. On 4 January, 1642, Charles attempted to get into the Commons to arrive the five MPs, and found that after he and his guards had battered the door down, the MPs had been warned and werent there. This action turned most of Parliament against him once more, because it was held to be a breach of Parliamentary privilege7. On the next day, the escaped MPs paraded up and down London guarded by the Trained Bands, an army of temporary soldiers.